VILNIAUS KOLEGIJA
VERSLO VADYBOS FAKULTETAS
FACE TO FACE COMMUNICATION
ANGLŲ KALBOS
REFERATAS
Verslo vadybos
VV04B grupės studentė ________
2004-10-20
Dėstytojas ________
2004-10-29
2004/2005 m. m.
SUMMARY
Communication is a transaction-an exchange-between two or more people. Sometimes it is felt to be the most important and meaningful part of a person’s life. Organizational communication can be internal and external, formal or informal. Several factors explain the importance of communication to the modern business organization:
The growth of business organization
The increased specialization of tasks
A lack of skill among senders and receivers
The relationships between communication and organizational effectiveness
The computerization of the business organization.
Also communication is verbal and nonverbal, but the biggest part takes nonverbal communication. And in conclusion I think that communication, on all levels, is very important for people.
Human communication and communication media
Effective communication can be hard to achieve . Sometimes it seems that no matter how carefully we try to phrase the things we say, the listener either doesn’t understand us, or they misunderstand us. In verbal communication we often add emphasis through body language or the intonation of our voice. We may adopt defensive or intimidating postures to reinforce the intended messages and, of course, we may raise or lower our voices. These techniques are used subconsciously, having evolved over many thousands of years of human interaction.
Our modern communication strategies are founded on ancient capabilities developed via human-to-human communication.
Modern communications technologies enable different kinds of communication. Until Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876, the written letter was the main means of long distance communication. In the intervening century people have adapted to the telephone and new means of communication evolved that are different from those used face-to-face.
If we can’t see the people we are speaking to, we can’t see their body language. This places great emphasis on the clarity of what is being said. If you observe someone you know making a ‘phone call you may see and hear them behaving differently to the way they would behave in a face-to-face conversation.
Some channels of communication seem to influence what we say and how we say it. And sometimes we read things into the message which are not there.
Communication Methods
Experts say that communication is composed of different methods: words, voice, tone and non-verbal clues. Of these, some are more effective in delivering a message than others. According to research, in a conversation or verbal exchange:
Words are 7% effective
Tone of voice is 38% effective
Non-verbal clues are 55% effective.
Non-verbal clues include:
Body language (e.g., arms crossed, standing, sitting, relaxed, tense),
Emotion of the sender and receiver (e.g., yelling, speaking provocatively, enthusiastic)
Other connections between the people (e.g., friends, enemies, professional similarities or differences, personal similarities or differences, age similarities or differences, philosophical similarities or differences, attitudes, expectations).
In other words, WHAT you say is not nearly as important as HOW you say it!
Communication Elements
Elements of speaking:
Body language
Voice quality
Intention
Manner: directness, sincerity
Dress and clothing (style, color, appropriateness for situation)
Visual aids, animation
Eye contact
Emotional content, energy, strength
Self-concept
Concept of others
Listening, hearing the underlying message
Speaking from the heart
Energy
Setting, time, place, timing
How the messenger holds the message
Sensitivity
Rhythm and pacing
Attitude and confidence
Rapport
Agenda
Purpose of communication – knowing what you want to communicate
Clarity
Silence, centering, looking
Elements of Listening:
Attentiveness to speaker
Eye contact
Intention be fully awake and aware
Openness: to other person and your own
Paying attention
Listening to yourself
Feedback
Body language
Change in pattern
Expectations about person speaking, about their message , about their agenda Several myths and realities about the nature of communication exist:
1. Myth: We only communicate when we intend to. Reality: We frequently communicate messages we are not aware of communicating.
2. Myth: We communicate as if words had specific meaning. Reality: Words do not have meanings; rather, meanings are based on individuals’ past experiences and perceptions .
3. Myth: We communicate primarily with words. Reality: The majority of the messages we communicate are based on the nonverbal aspects of communication.
4. Myth: Communication is one-way activity. Reality: Communication is a two-way activity in which feedback from the other party is crucial.
5. Myth: The message we communicate is identical to the message received. Reality: The message finally received by the listener is never identical to the message sent.
6. Myth: You can never give someone too much information. Reality: People can be given too much information. An information overload can
be just as much of a problem as not having enough information.Distortion in Sending and Receiving Messages
Picture 2Notice that between the sender and the receiver the path appears to be straight. However, this is rarely the case. There are many different ways to distort the message or to filter it (both in delivering the message and in receiving the message). All of the distortions can occur for both the listener and the receiver.
Improving verbal communications requires first that we understand that communication is rarely perfect or clear in and of itself. We must learn to listen better and speak more clearly. We must also check whether our message is delivered correctly and whether we have heard a message clearly.Eye Contact
Especially important in facial communication is the role played by the eyes. Eye contact is one of the most powerful forms of nonverbal communication. Authority relationship as well as intimate relationships are frequently initiated and maintained with eye contact. Looking directly at a listener is usually thought to convey openness and honesty. You usually feel it is easier to trust someone who looks right at you. On the other hand, you tend to distrust those who don’t look directly at you, to attribute less confidence to those who avoid eye contact. In addition, prolonged eye contact can signal admiration, while brief eye contact usually means anxiety. Although more eye contact is usually better than less, note that direct eye contact of more than ten second can create some discomfort and anxiety .